Fundamentos teóricos del desarrollo de los hostales de la

Ana Luisa López Brunett

*

Génesis Asunción

*

ABSTRACT

allows us to build a robust theoretical base and formulate

practical recommendations, based on a detailed and

substantiated analysis of the available literature on the

development of hostels and professional skills in Guayaquil.

The results provide a perspective on how the different

accommodations operate according to the star level of

each hostel. This result responds to the project

“Technological tools for hostels in the city of Guayaquil”,

carried out by students and teachers of the Instituto

Superior Tecnológico Universitario Espíritu Santo,

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7040-3807

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-716X

Este objetivo se aborda mediante una investigación

documental que selecciona documentos científicos

relevantes y emplea técnicas cualitativas junto con fichas de

funcionamiento de los distintos hospedajes conforme al

nivel de estrellas de cada hostal. Este resultado responde

al proyecto “Herramientas tecnológicas para hostales de la

ciudad de Guayaquil”, que llevan a cabo los estudiantes y

docentes del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Universitario

Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Palabras Claves: Desarrollo, Hostal, Competencias,

Profesionales, Guayaquil.

INTRODUCTION

initiatives and development strategies lack the cohesion and direction needed to be truly

effective. This results in scattered and poorly coordinated efforts that fail to adequately

address the specific needs of small entrepreneurs and hostels.

The lack of a robust theoretical base also impedes the proper identification of necessary

professional competencies and the integration of technological tools that could

significantly improve the operability and competitiveness of these businesses. As a result,

many of these entrepreneurs and hostels operate below their potential, affecting not

only their economic sustainability but also the socioeconomic development of the

community as a whole. The absence of clear theoretical guidance limits the ability of

entrepreneurs to adapt to changing market dynamics and to take advantage of growth

effectively in the local and global tourism market.

Identifying the main professional competencies and technological tools needed to

improve the operability and competitiveness of hostels in Guayaquil is essential.

Without this theoretical framework, cooperative strategies and community initiatives

lack clear direction, making it difficult to create synergies and maximize shared

resources.

The absence of a clear theoretical orientation limits the effectiveness of policies and

support programs aimed at small entrepreneurs and hostels in Guayaquil. Without a

solid theoretical foundation, these policies and programs cannot be designed and

implemented in a way that adequately responds to the specific needs and challenges of

these businesses, which reduces their impact and efficiency.

Finally, successful community development models need to be adapted to the Guayaquil

context to support small entrepreneurs and hostels. A solid theoretical foundation can

working in the city's hostels will be carried out. The technological tools used by these

establishments to improve their operations and service will also be examined. This

comprehensive approach not only seeks to identify needs and areas for improvement,

but also to provide effective strategies for the growth and sustainability of these

businesses in Guayaquil's competitive tourism market.

A well-structured theoretical foundation provides a clear conceptual framework that

facilitates the understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by these

businesses. By having a robust theoretical foundation, the specific needs of small

entrepreneurs and hostels, as well as the economic and social dynamics that affect their

performance, can be more accurately identified. This is crucial for designing effective

implemented in other regions should be analyzed and adapted to the local context. This

methodological approach allows the elaboration of a theory that is not only applicable

in academic terms, but also has a viable practical implementation. Through this research,

contributes to the economic and social well-being of the community at large. Community

cooperation is thus strengthened, as local businesses collaborate with each other and

with other institutions to achieve common goals.

Knowing the powers of a lodging space will always depend on different factors, such as

location, quality of service and accessibility or target public, whether it is tourist, local

or transient. For Candel, V., & Vasconez, M. (2016), the hostel will be able to optimize

its resources through the efficient use of its capabilities, thus strengthening the company

by reducing errors and weaknesses that previously had not been addressed by

management.

Knowing the capabilities of an accommodation space depends on various factors such as

guests, better adapting to market demands and ensuring their long-term sustainability.

Torres, A., et al. (2018), mention that hostels should offer a variety of services that are

attractive to tourists. Most guests are foreigners, who are looking for more innovative

offers. They comment that usually the same services are offered and there is no

difference from other hostels.

To attract more tourists and improve the guest experience, hostels need to diversify

and improve the quality of their services. Many visitors, especially foreigners, are looking

for unique and differentiated offers that allow them to enjoy a more enriching and

memorable stay. Monotony in the services offered can result in a negative perception,

leading tourists to opt for other accommodations that do stand out for their innovation

in decision making, the low quality of the services offered and, more recently, the impact

of the pandemic on the industry at a global level.

The lack of effective leadership in decision making has left many hotels without clear

in order to survive and thrive in the future.

Assessing how job satisfaction derived from salary and professional development

influences employees' organizational commitment in relation to their valuation and

permanence in the company is fundamental. This is due to the need to understand the

relationship between these two key elements for organizational performance, allowing

their interaction to provide valuable information for Human Resources management

(Alvarado, D., et al. 2020).

Salary satisfaction can motivate employees to feel valued and fairly rewarded for their

work, while professional development opportunities can foster a sense of growth and

advancement within the organization. Understanding how these factors interact and

The research process on the theoretical foundations of the development of hostels in

the city of Guayaquil and the professional competencies of hired personnel is established

through a documentary research methodology. This type of research focuses on the

collection and analysis of information already existing in various documentary sources

Pérez, S., et, al. (2021). For this study, the sample includes a variety of scientific

documents such as theses, research projects and case studies that have focused on topics

relevant to the hotel and lodging sector in Guayaquil and other comparable regions.

The selection of these documents is based on their relevance and depth in relation to

the research objectives. By including theses and research projects, a scholarly and

meticulous overview of the theoretical and practical aspects of the development of

used as the main tool to organize and synthesize the information extracted from the

documents Mariñas, R. (2022). These cards allow the data to be systematically

categorized, facilitating the identification of patterns, trends and recurrent themes. In

development and success.

The research process is developed through a documentary methodology, using a sample

of relevant scientific documents and applying qualitative techniques with data collection

sheets. This approach allows us to build a solid theoretical base and offer practical

recommendations based on a thorough and well-founded analysis of the existing

literature on the development of hostels and professional competencies in Guayaquil.

mentions in his results that the vast majority, approximately 92.1% of the people

surveyed, work in independent hotels, that is, hotels that do not belong to any hotel

chain. Some 42.1% of these hotels have 11 to 20 rooms, followed by hotels with 21 to

30 rooms and less than 10 rooms with 23.7%. The majority of these hotels have 11 to

20 employees (57.9%).

Regarding the managerial competencies of managers of three-star hotels in Guayaquil,

the prevalence of independent hotels, not affiliated with hotel chains, stands out; most

of these establishments have a staff of 11 to 20 employees. These findings emphasize the

need to understand the unique dynamics that characterize medium-sized independent

hotels and suggest the importance of developing management strategies adapted to these

This strategy allows for greater efficiency in management and facilitates audits at critical

moments. On the other hand, hotels such as the Hilton Colon and the Sheraton maintain

a more traditional distribution, with a multiplicity of departments that are considered

Through correlation analysis, Zambrano, L., & Ramos, M. (2021), talk about the level of

customer satisfaction in relation to the quality of service of a hotel located in the center

of the city of Guayaquil, pointed out that the quality of service of the rooms is more

influence on the overall guest experience and, therefore, on their satisfaction and loyalty

to the establishment.

Paccha, E., & Paccha, M. (2018), was able to determine in their study that, there are

shortcomings in the internal customer of the company due to lack of training,

professionalism. Most of the employees are hired without having university education,

nor English language skills. In terms of infrastructure, there is a lack of modern

conference rooms for conferences, events, congresses, restaurants, a telephone

switchboard, and ramps for people with disabilities.

It should be noted that most employees are hired without university training or English

language skills. In addition, there is a significant lack of infrastructure, with the absence

DISCUSSION

The authors highlight the importance of understanding the unique dynamics that

characterize medium-sized independent hotels in Guayaquil. They even focus their

analysis on the managerial competencies in these establishments, highlighting the

deficiencies in the internal client, especially in the training and professionalism of hired

personnel. Both contributions converge on the need to develop management strategies

adapted to these particularities, as well as on the urgency of improving staff training and

qualification to raise the quality of the service offered.

On the other hand, the same analysis offers a perspective on the diversity in the

organizational structure of five-star hotels in Guayaquil. While some hotels, such as the

With this finding, the authors reinforce the importance of maintaining high standards in

the rooms, which has a determining influence on the client's overall experience and

satisfaction with the establishment. This perspective contributes to establish clear

to the particularities of each establishment, and focusing efforts on maintaining high

quality standards in the service offered, both in the rooms and in other key aspects of

the customer experience.

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