Edited by: Tecnológico Superior
Corporativo Edwards Deming
July - December Vol. 6 - 2 - 2022
https://revista-edwardsdeming.com/index.php/es
e-ISSN: 2576-0971
Received: October 27, 2021
Approved: February 09, 2022
Page 1 - 15
Use of tics in the performance of agricultural
activities
Uso de las tics en el desempeño de las actividades agricolas
Pedro Vélez Duque
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work is to determine the use of ICTs
in the performance of agricultural activities of the
Agronomy Engineering Career at the Guayaquil campus of
the Agrarian University of Ecuador. During the
development of this work we examined the necessary
aspects such as the fulfillment of goals, privacy of
information, access and administration of information
regarding the management of information and
communication technologies and inclusion of new ideas,
use of working hours, predisposition with the agricultural
work, fulfillment of goals, predisposition of the members
to perform their work regarding the performance of
agricultural actions, to determine the impact of this study,
we used statistical tools, observation, surveys in order to
improve some appropriate aspects with the resources that
we have in the aforementioned institution.
Keywords: Tics, Performance, Impact, Survey,
Agricultural Activities.
RESUMEN
El presente trabajo tiene objetivo es determinar el uso de
las Tics en el desempeño de las actividades agrícolas de la
Carrera de Ingeniería Agronómica Sede Guayaquil,
Universidad Agraria del Ecuador. Durante el desarrollo de
este trabajo se examinó los aspectos necesarios como el
cumplimiento de las metas, privacidad de información,
acceso y administración de información en cuanto al
manejo de las tecnologías de información y comunicación
se refiere e inclusión de nuevas ideas, aprovechamiento de
horas de trabajo, predisposición con la labor agrícola,
cumplimiento de metas, predisposición de los miembros
para realizar su trabajo en cuanto al desempeño de
acciones agrícolas, para determinar el impacto de este
estudio, se usó las herramientas estadísticas, de
observación, encuestas con el fin de mejorar algunos
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aspectos adecuados con los recursos que se tiene en la
institución antes mencionada.
Palabras clave: Tics, Desempeño, Impacto, Encuesta,
Actividades Agrícolas.
INTRODUCTION
The effect of data innovation on the planet is given by covering the need to get to the
data and work in different cycles, particularly in agricultural activities and furthermore
the requirement for farmers to work in their activities as a functional worker in giving
and procuring information intuitively, therefore understanding that at present in
numerous companies put the attempt to invest in applications and technology so that
their clients have the right climate so that they can use them and perform their activities
in a more suitable way.
For farmers, ICT - Information and Communication Technologies - are essential to their
daily routines. No doubt, at every moment of the day, they use these advances, whether
in precision farming, on the Internet, in online market observation.... In agribusiness, we
have entered the period of machine-to-machine communication and onboard
intelligence.
Despite the computerized divide that persists between urban and rural regions,
agricultural producers must be at the forefront of innovative advances. In other words,
wherever farming takes place, we will have computerized technological advances. Finally,
agriculture can be considered as possibly one of the sectors where advanced technology
has developed the most.
In addition, like water, seeds and fertilizers, data is a major part of agriculture and ICT
plays an important role in facilitating access to information.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The design to be applied in the research will be descriptive and correlational, since
before establishing a relationship, the behavior of each of the variables will have to be
studied and described separately. These designs have the particularity of allowing the
researcher to analyze and study the relationship of facts and phenomena of reality
(variables), to know their level of influence or absence of them, seeks to determine the
degree of relationship between the variables under study. (Carrasco, 2015).
Through the research method we arrive at the problem statement, i.e. the need to
determine the importance of the use of ICTs also leads to assess how to proceed in
terms of the optimal use of technological tools for an adequate approach to the needs
of agricultural activities in the agronomy engineering career at the Guayaquil campus of
the Agrarian University of Ecuador.
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The sketch placed to symbolize this design is as follows. (Mendoza, 2016):
Figure 1. Components involved in the Research Design
Note: The components that make up the research design. Mendoza, R. (2016).
Information and communication technology and job performance of the administrative
staff of the 404 Executing Unit 404 Hospital II-2 Tarapoto, 2016. Trujillo-Peru:
Universidad Cesar Vallejo. Retrieved from
https://repositorio.ucv.edu.pe/bitstream/handle/20.500.12692/12888/mendoza_fr.pdf?se
quence=1&isAllowed=y
Where:
M: Members of the educational community of the agronomy engineering career,
Universidad Agraria del Ecuador.
O
1
: Information and Communication Technologies
O
2
: performance of agricultural activities
r: ratio
Variables and Operationalization.
Variables.
Variable 1: Information and communication technologies
Variable 2: Performance of agricultural activities
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Table 1. Operationalization of variables
Variables
Dimensions
Indicators
Information and
communication
technologies
ICT's and community
Transformation brought about by
ICTs
The academic unit and ICTs
Adaptability to ICT's
Manage ICT's
ICT skills
ICT management in the company
Feedback of information using ICT's
Use ICT's
New techniques for the management
of
Information.
ICT skills progress
Appropriate approach to ICTs
Performance of
agricultural activities
Skills and
capabilities
Originality
New ideas
Troubleshooting
Staff efficiency
Effectiveness in achieving goals
Results in relation to goals
Behavior
Compliance with standards
Fulfillment of functions
Effective working hours
Cooperation in the face of problems
Acceptance of ideas
Willingness to work as part of a team
Results
Dedication at work
Respect of rules at work
Staff knowledge and skills
Achievement of goals
Performance of duty
Job performance
Note: Variables, dimensions and indicators that integrate the academic unit under study.
The following types of research have been considered for the respective study:
Ponce (2003) expresses: "He is not interested in the increase of scientific theory but in
the resolution of practical problems" (p. 65). (p. 65).
The application of new ideas leads the student to enrich their knowledge, since it is not
only important to rely on scientific theoretical research without the analysis itself that
serves to generate new learning.
Ponce (2003) regarding experimental or field research, states:
It is the investigation or experiment in which the researcher manipulates and controls
the conditions of occurrence and maintenance of a phenomenon whose purpose is to
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observe the change. With this research it is possible to observe the manipulation of the
independent variable to control the dependent variables. It is the one that is located in
reality or as close to it as possible. It uses quantitative methodology for expost-facto
work and field experiments (for the social meanings that people give to the environment
that surrounds them). As the name indicates it is an experimental research that with
hypothetical deductive reasoning and quantitative methodology seeks to explain
phenomena even when maximum control is exercised to the provoked phenomenon.
(p. 67).
Experimental research has been designed with the purpose of determining, as reliably as
possible, cause-effect relationships, where the researcher controls and manipulates
conditions through observation when these phenomena have evolved.
The empirical method is a model of scientific research, which is based on empirical logic
and, together with the phenomenological method, is the most widely used in the field of
social sciences and hard sciences. (Cobas, Romeu, & Macias, 2010).
Its contribution to the research process is fundamentally the result of experience Its
usefulness stands out in the entry into unexplored fields or in those in which the
descriptive study stands out.
Therefore, empirical data are drawn from successful tests and errors, i.e., from
experience.
Non-participant scientific observation will make it possible to identify needs related to
knowledge formation of users and participant observation will make it possible to
identify problems affecting the effectiveness of knowledge formation work in learning.
The problem and the object of investigation are known, studying its natural course,
without altering the natural conditions, that is to say that the observation has a
contemplative aspect. According to OCHOA (2002) Observation forms the basis of
knowledge of all science and, at the same time, is the most generalized empirical
procedure of knowledge. He recognizes five elements in the process of observation:
1. The object of observation.
2. The subject or observer.
3. The circumstances or environment surrounding the observation.
4. Means of observation.
5. The body of knowledge of which the observation is a part. (page 4).
The survey will make it possible to evaluate the impact of the use of ICTs on the
performance of agricultural activities in the Agronomy Engineering program at the
Guayaquil campus of the Agrarian University of Ecuador.
The definition of the terms population and sample assumed in this work refers to:
(Sanchez, 2012) Defines: "THE aggregate or totality of the elementary units, that is, the
subjects whose study is of interest". (p. 132).
The Finite Population: For this study, the population of the Agronomy Engineering
Career at the Guayaquil campus of the Agrarian University of Ecuador will be
represented by:
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Table 2. Population of the Agronomy Engineering Program, Guayaquil Campus, Universidad
Agraria del Ecuador.
Item
Stratum
Population
1
Coordinator
1
Teachers
Students
614
TOTAL
646
Note: These make up the academic unit under study.
The sample as (Jiménez Carlos 1999 as cited in Quiroz & Mendoza, 2017). describes:
"The sample is a representative subset of the population or of the universe as a
whole. Studies conducted on a sample can be generalized to the population by
statistical procedures, that is, their results can be extended to the universe, so the
sample must have two basic characteristics: size and representativeness." (p. 119).
It is a set of units, a portion of the total, that represents the behavior of the total
universe. In other words, the sample is a part that represents the whole (universe) by
reproducing the constant characteristics in the universe or population.
The 31 teachers, including the Coordinator, were surveyed by applying random numbers
for selection.
The 614 students were randomly administered a survey.
It was calculated with the above data indicating that the population is 646, the confidence
level of 95%, and with a margin of error of 5% with which 242 participants were obtained
for the surveys, of which the same number of teachers and students would be 211.
The instruments used for this research were the following:
Observation
It is the action of observing, of looking closely, in the researcher's sense it is the
experience, it is the process of looking closely, that is, in a broad sense, the experiment,
the process of submitting behaviors of some things or manipulated conditions according
to certain principles to carry out the observation.
Observation also means the set of things observed, the set of data and the set of
phenomena. In this sense, which we could call objective, observation is equivalent to
data, to phenomena, to facts. (Pardinas, 2005, p. 89).
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In the opinion of (Sabino, 1992)observation is a very ancient technique, whose first
contributions would be impossible to trace. Through his senses, man captures the reality
that surrounds him, which he then organizes intellectually and adds: Observation can be
defined as the systematic use of our senses in the search for the data we need to solve
a research problem. (p. 111).
Observation is direct when the researcher is an active part of the group being observed
and assumes its behaviors; it is called participant observation. When the observer does
not belong to the group and is only present for the purpose of obtaining information (as
in this case), the observation is called non-participant or simple.
In social research, the observation of social phenomena, points out that (Pardinas, 2005)
are human behaviors; behavior means a series of actions or acts that are perceptibly
seen or observed in a given entity or groups of entities.... (p. 90).
Those actions or acts occur following a sequel that appears repeated with the same
characteristics in other entities of that class; information and communication has chosen
among human behaviors those that transmit a message from an individual or group of
individuals to another individual or group of individuals, in all cases, observations, data,
phenomena are the behaviors that transmit or receive a message.
In conclusion, observation allows us to know reality through direct perception of objects
and phenomena.
RESULTS
The data collection instruments are the material means used to collect and file the data
necessary for the development of the research. Examples: questionnaire forms,
interview guides, checklists, tape recorders, attitude or opinion scales (Likert type), etc.
In the surveys conducted, it was possible to establish valuable criteria for the fulfillment
of the goals and objectives of this educational project, and the respondents were
receptive and predisposed to provide the required information.
The surveys were directed to a statistically representative sample of 211 students and
31 teachers of the Agronomy Engineering Career at the Guayaquil branch of the
Agrarian University of Ecuador. They were carried out during two days, from 7:00 a.m.
to 8:45 p.m. The predisposition of the students, teachers and coordinator contributed
to the agility of the process.
The application of the instrument allowed demonstrating to the students and
coordinating teachers that they are important and that their opinions are beneficial to
measure the use of ICT's in the development of their agricultural activities in order to
improve the development of the Agronomy Engineering Career at the Guayaquil campus
of the Agrarian University of Ecuador.
Appreciation of the expectations generated to the respondents by the
scientific meaning of each question:
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In principle, the students were predisposed to answer the survey, since they agreed to
collaborate because of the value of the questions posed, and the teachers were always
willing to give their point of view under the technical approach of the items posed.
The appropriate instrument to use the survey technique is a questionnaire that, as
far as possible, is elaborated with closed questions and options that allow a
simplified, concrete and precise analysis of the data. The survey, addressed to
students, teachers and coordinator, consisted of closed questions with response
options on a Likert-type scale.
The Likert scale is a type of measurement or data collection instrument that
consists, in the words of (Salkind, 1998)in writing: Statements that express an
opinion or feeling about an event, object, or person... The statements are listed, and
to the right of each one a space is left for the respondent to indicate the degree to
which he/she agrees or disagrees, using a five-point scale. In the development of the
present work, texts from books and the Internet were researched as supporting
documents that sustain the theoretical, methodological and scientific foundations
about the problem.
For the instruments that were designed in this research, the scale was composed of
5 response options, which are the following:
Very Efficient (5)
Efficient (4)
Regular (3)
Deficient (2)
Very Deficient (1)
The main purpose of applying the survey is to obtain the most valuable data
to support this research work. However, the survey was headed by three specific
objectives, which are detailed below:
Ø To identify and describe the factors that affect affective communication on the
part of teachers and students of the Agronomy Engineering Career at the
Guayaquil campus of the Agrarian University of Ecuador.
Ø Determine the level of usefulness and interest with respect to the contributions
to the completion of goals set by both teachers and students.
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Ø To provide teachers and students with knowledge of legal aspects, privacy of
information and access in order to effectively use information and
communication technologies.
Ø Describe the ratings with respect to access, ability and engagement by teachers
and students regarding the management of ICTs,
Thus, the survey was carried out on the university campus during working
hours. It should be emphasized that the questions posed to the students and teachers
respond not only to the objectives set but also to the characteristics of a technical-
practical and technological training that involves a work process.
The following tables present a compendium of the data obtained from the surveys
applied to students, teachers and coordinator of the Agronomy Engineering Career at
the Guayaquil campus of the Agrarian University of Ecuador. The data obtained was
analyzed by grouping the results according to the objectives and questions.
Table 3. Statistical summary of the results obtained from the surveys applied with respect to
the use of ICTs.
No
QUESTIONS
SCALE
Very Efficient:
Efficient
Regular
Deficient
Very Deficient
Total
5
1
#
PN/NT
Use of ICTs
#
X5
#
X4
#
X3
#
X2
#
X1
1
How do you evaluate the
interest shown by the
members of the university
community you belong to
in order to complete the
goals you have set?
260
336
249
881
8,8
How do you evaluate the
knowledge of the members
of the university
community to which you
belong about the legal
scope of ICTs?
82
246
869
8,7
10
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How would you rate the
information privacy
compliance of the members
of the university community
to which you belong?
295
882
8,8
How would you rate the
members of the university
community to which you
belong in relation to
providing full access to
information?
240
292
264
848
8,5
5
How do you rate the
faculty of the members of
the university community
to which you belong for
the management of
information concerning the
institution?
332
243
878
8,8
Note: Results of the survey to students and teachers of the Agronomy Engineering
Career, Guayaquil, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador.
Table 4. Statistical summary of the results obtained from the surveys applied with
respect to the performance of agricultural activities.
No
QUESTIONS
SCALE
Very Efficient:
Efficient
Regular
Deficient
Very Deficient
Total
5
1
#
PN/NT
Performance of agricultural activities
#
X5
#
X4
#
X3
#
X2
#
X1
1
How do you rate the interest shown
by the members of the university
community to which you belong in
reference to the inclusion of new
ideas?
295
376
0
0
923
9,2
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How would you rate the members of
the university community to which
you belong with respect to the use
of working hours?
305
0
0
916
9,2
How would you rate the willingness
and dedication of the members of
the university community you belong
to with respect to the agricultural
work you do?
372
0
0
908
9,1
How do you rate the members of
the university community to which
you belong with respect to the
fulfillment of your goals?
285
376
189
903
9,0
5
How would you evaluate the
predisposition of the members of the
university community to which you
belong for the performance of your
duties?
388
192
0
0
931
9,3
Note: Results of the survey to students and teachers of the Agronomy Engineering
Career, Guayaquil, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador.
Table 5. Statistical Summary of Results Obtained
Items
1
5
PT/PN
PROM.
TICS
8,81
8,69
8,82
8,48
8,78
43,58
8,72
PERFORMANCE
9,23
9,16
9,08
9,03
9,31
45,81
9,16
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Note: These are results that compare the use of ICTs and the performance of
agricultural activities in order to indicate the impact they have on the development of
the various activities of the academic unit mentioned above.
Once the data analysis was completed, the researcher answered the following questions
that he had at the beginning of the research, by analyzing the answers obtained from the
students and teachers, interesting references can be found about the reality inside the
classrooms and in the environment.
It should be emphasized that the research responds to the questions that are posed and
that are the guides to what is intended to be discerned with the field work. In turn, the
questions not only seek to identify with approximation the reality of the study
phenomenon, but also try to interrelate the variables that arise in the analysis of the
problem. The following is an attempt to answer the questions posed through the data
obtained from the research.
How do you evaluate the interest shown by the members of the university community
you belong to in order to achieve the goals set?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 22% and 35% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 34% say it is Regular, 5% and 4% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that the interest in completing the goals set is efficient.
How do you evaluate the knowledge of the members of the university community to
which you belong about the legal scope of ICTs?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 22% and 31% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 34% say it is Regular, 9% and 4% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that when evaluating the knowledge of the legal scope of ICTs
by the members of the university community, it is efficient.
How would you rate the information privacy compliance of the members of the
university community to which you belong?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 24% and 29% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 37% say it is Regular, 6% and 4% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that when rating the fulfillment of information privacy by the
members of the university community, it is efficient.
How would you rate the members of the university community to which you belong in
relation to providing full access to information?
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In the case of the results it is observed that according to 20% and 30% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 36% say it is Regular, 8% and 6% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that when rating the, granting full access to information by the
members of the university community is, efficient.
How do you rate the faculty of the members of the university community to which you
belong for the management of information concerning the institution?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 21% and 34% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 34% say it is Regular, 13% and 1% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that when qualifying the faculty of the members of the university
community for the administration of information regarding the institution, it is efficient.
Performance of agricultural activities
How do you rate the interest shown by the members of the university community to
which you belong in reference to the inclusion of new ideas?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 24% and 39% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 31% say it is Regular, 6% and 0% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that the interest shown by the members of the university
community with respect to the inclusion of new ideas is efficient.
How would you rate the members of the university community to which you belong
with respect to the use of working hours?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 25% and 39% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 24% say it is Regular, 12% and 0% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that the members of the university community make efficient
use of their working hours.
How would you rate the dedication of the members of the university community you
belong to with respect to the agricultural work you do?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 23% and 38% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 29% say it is Regular, 10% and 0% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that the predisposition and dedication of the members of the
university community with respect to the agricultural work they are doing efficiently.
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How do you rate the members of the university community to which you belong with
respect to the fulfillment of your goals?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 24% and 39% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 26% say it is Regular, 10% and 1% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that the members of the university community with respect to
the fulfillment of their goals are doing it efficiently.
How would you evaluate the predisposition of the members of the university community
to which you belong for the performance of your duties?
In the case of the results it is observed that according to 26% and 40% are: Very Efficient
and Efficient respectively agree that the interest shown by the members to conclude the
goals outlined, while 26% say it is Regular, 8% and 0% say it is Deficient and Very
Deficient. This indicates that the members of the university community, with respect to
the predisposition to perform their duties, are efficient.
DISCUSSION
In this project we have designed, implemented and tested an automated system using
WIFI relay 1CH, Tuya Alexa, which through previously configured orders activates an
irrigation system using voice commands, with the help of wireless networks and Internet
connectivity avoids data wiring to the place where the watering action is performed. It
has strong advantages and opportunities to be implemented in homes and organizations
that have a space for green areas.
A limitation of the project is that it must be implemented in an area with Internet access
or service, it will not be possible to control the device efficiently if there is a weak signal
or when there is no connection, to overcome this limitation it must be additionally
equipped with a manual control.
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